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Pipe Flanges, Blanks, Selection and Limitations bzfxw.. Asme b Power Piping - B ASME codes B ISO Petroleum. Read this Manual Before. When specified by the referencing Code Section, the liquid penetrant examination techniques described in this Article shall be used. This document provides details to be considered in the procedures used. When this Article is specified by a referencing Code Section, the liquid penetrant method described in this Article shall be used together with Article 1, General Requirements.
T T The written procedure shall have minimum and maximum times for the applicable examination steps listed in Table T T The term penetrant materials, as used in this Article, is intended to include all penetrants, emulsifiers, solvents or cleaning agents, developers, etc.
The descriptions of the liquid penetrant classifications and material types are provided in SE of Article GENERAL The liquid penetrant examination method is an effective means for detecting discontinuities which are open to the surface of nonporous metals and other materials.
Typical discontinuities detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, and porosity. In principle, a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface to be examined and allowed to enter discontinuities. All excess penetrant is then removed, the part is dried, and a developer is applied. The developer functions both as a blotter to absorb penetrant that has been trapped in discontinuities, and as a contrasting background to enhance the visibility of penetrant indications.
The dyes in penetrants are either color contrast visible under white light or fluorescent visible under ultraviolet light. These records shall be maintained as required by the referencing Code Section. Surface preparation by grinding, machining, or other methods may be necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications.
Degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning methods may also be used. Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure which shall as a minimum, contain the requirements listed in Table T The written procedure shall establish a single value, or range of values, for each requirement. When procedure qualification is specified by the referencing Code Section, a change of a requirement in Table T A change of a requirement identified as a nonessential variable does not require requalification of the written procedure.
The cleaning method employed is an important part of the examination process. See SE, Annex A1. A minimum period of time shall be established to ensure that the cleaning solution has evaporated prior to application of the penetrant. Table T If for any reason the penetrant does dry, the examination procedure shall be repeated, beginning with a cleaning of the examination surface.
Where it is not practical to comply with these temperature limitations, other temperatures and times may be used, provided the procedures are qualified as specified in T T T After the specified penetration dwell time has elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the surface shall be removed, taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities.
The remaining traces shall be removed by wiping the surface with a cloth or absorbent paper, lightly moistened with water. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess water. Intermixing of penetrant materials from different families or different manufacturers is not permitted. A retest with water-washable penetrants may cause loss of marginal indications due to contamination.
After the required penetrant dwell time, the excess surface penetrant shall be emulsified by immersing or flooding the part with the emulsifier.
Emulsification time is dependent on the type of emulsifier and surface condition. The actual emulsification time shall be determined experimentally. After emulsification, the mixture shall be removed by immersing in or rinsing with water. The temperature and pressure of the water shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. Procedure For Adding Additional Building Location To Current Certificate Details the procedure manufacturers must follow when adding additional building locations to a current certificate.
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